Underwriting your loan
December 1, 2008 by Mortgage · Leave a Comment
There are 4 main factors that are used today by underwriters to determine a mortgage approval. These factors help a mortgage underwriter understand the borrower’s qualification. These factors determine if a borrower can receive a preapproval, prequalification, and meet necessary underwriting guidelines.
The first factor known to the American population is called the ‘credit’ criteria. Credit scores can help determine the risk level for interest rates, and private mortgage insurance (PMI). Credit scores over 720+ will help to receive the best interest rates, and credit scores of 620+ will help to avoid high PMI payments. FHA mortgage loans have no score requirement, but look towards the ‘credit worthiness’. Credit worthiness consists of how long the credit tradelines have been open, the quantity of credit tradelines, bankruptcies, foreclosures, judgments, and mortgage lates. A lot of borrowers are obtaining 700+ credit scores after filing for bankruptcy within two years! Every mortgage lender looks for 3-5 credit tradelines that have been opened for at least 24months. Superb credit consists of 5-7 tradelines that have been open for at least 4+years. Credit criteria is one of the first steps taken for preapprovals. Underwriting guidelines suggest strong credit history to make a high risk decision.
The second factor looked for is called ‘capacity’. Capacity is how much a borrower makes in income compared to his monthly debt obligations. It also consists of employment history whether it is stable or will be continuous. Self employment income requires two years of business tax returns with all schedules. Any commissions, bonuses, and overtime will need to have been received for two years, and would need to be averaged by two years. If these guidelines aren’t met, then it will not be included towards a borrower’s income. Income earnings can be verified by last paystubs covering 30 days, last two years of w-2’s, and last two years of full tax returns. Alimony, child support, social security, and disability would need to have been received for the last 3months, and have a continuance period of 3yrs. This step is commonly used to prequalify a borrower. Income is calculated against the debt, and no credit is pulled to prequalify a borrower.
The third factor used in a mortgage approval is called ‘capital’. Capital is how much ‘liquid assets’ a borrower may have to cover the down payment, closing costs, and monthly reserves. Liquid assets consists of checking, savings, 401k, IRA’s, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and certificates of deposits. The amount used for 401k’s is 70% of the ‘vested balance’ minus any loans against it. Down payments can help lower the interest rate by lowering the loan-to-value (LTV). FHA purchase mortgage loans required a down payment of 3%, and conforming loans are from 5, 10, and 20% down. MyCommunity mortgage & HomePossible mortgages are zero down programs, but will require a 620 credit score to avoid high PMI payments. This is the 2nd step used to prequalify an individual for a mortgage. Automated underwriting guidelines tend to ease up when large assets are present.
The last factor used in a mortgage approval process is called ‘collateral’. The Collateral factor looks at the subject property of the mortgage loan. The mortgage rates can receive price hits due to the subject property being a high rise condo, co-op, Non-warrantable condo, second home, investment property, timeshare, rural area, log cabin, and if there aren’t any comparable homes in the area. Most appraisals require at least three comparable homes to find the value of a subject property. This step isn’t required for preapprovals or to prequalify a borrower. Underwriting guidelines are very strict when the market values are declining. New VA home Purchases has the strictest type of appraisal, and can be overwhelming if the home is over 10yrs of age.
Discount Points
September 7, 2008 by Mortgage · Leave a Comment
Before obtaining good mortgage rates a borrower must understand what actually is included in a ‘mortgage interest rate’. There are many factors that affect all mortgage rates in every mortgage transaction. Discount points, origination fees, Yield Spread Premium, and 3rd party fees are a few factors that can change your interest rate. This information will help a first time home buyer determine the different between an origination fee, and a discount point.
Discount points is prepaid interest that is used to lower a mortgage rate. They are tax deductible, and can help lower your monthly payments. One discount point is equivalent to 1% of your mortgage loan amount.
For example:
Purchase Price $200,000
Down Payment $40,000
Loan amount $160,000
Discount points 1% or $1,600 of your mortgage loan amount.
Discount points MAY lower your mortgage rate by 0.5% for every point paid.
Every lender is different, and may only lower your mortgage rate by 0.25-0.375%.
If your current mortgage rate was 6.5%, and you paid one discount point, then your rate can go as low as 6.125-6.25%. By lowering your rate, you will also be lowering your monthly mortgage payment. The one time closing cost will be 1,600, and will be recovered between 3-4yrs. The way to calculate this is to subtract the higher mortgage payment from the new payment, and divide it by the 1,600.
Origination Fee
August 20, 2008 by Mortgage · Leave a Comment
Origination fees work the same way as discount points do. One point is equivalent to 1% of the loan amount. Origination fees do not lower your mortgage interest rate. Origination fees are paid by the borrower to the bank, lender, and/or mortgage broker. This is a common charge on a HUD-1 settlement statement. This charge is associated with ‘originating’ your mortgage loan.
The cash rebate paid to a lender for selling an interest rate higher than the wholesale par rate is called Yield Spread Premium (YSP). If a borrower isn’t willing to pay origination fees or discount points, then the mortgage interest rate is raised to recover the loss of revenue. Also, if the borrower is unable to pay closing costs, the lender can raise the rate to balance the revenue made. An origination fee can be charged with the closing cost, and the rate can be raised to create more revenue. This is called ‘charging in the front, and charging in the back’.
The 3rd party fees such as title fees, title insurance, attorney/escrow, appraisal, etc. can all affect an APR of a mortgage interest rate. Many lenders do not include all fees, and this is why APR’s can be different with the same numbers on a Good Faith Estimate. If one lender is charging more fees/points, that can lead to a higher APR.
Current mortgage rates are displayed at Freddie Mac’s homepage. They update their web page weekly with rates from actual closings. They also display the average fee/points paid on a 30yr fixed mortgage, and a 15yr fixed mortgage. Do not be fooled by various ‘advertising’ websites that doesn’t verify the ads promoted by their lenders. Many lenders undercut their rates to draw borrowers, but many of these borrowers do not qualify through their terms.
The average revenue made in a mortgage transaction is approximately 2.5% in total origination fees, discount points, and YSP. Some lenders may charge more, but it is still negotiable. Mortgage lenders & Banks aren’t required to disclose YSP. You will normally see the interest rate with origination fees and/or discount points. Mortgage brokersare required to show YSP, and is disclosed on a Good Faith Estimate, and HUD-1 statement. Due to higher overhead costs, a mortgage lender and bank can charge a lot more fees than mortgage brokers